译林版丨八年级英语上册重点短语句式句型语法

第一单元：Friends【重点短语】1 something to drink一些喝的工具2 have some more food再吃点儿食物3one ofmy best friends我最好的朋侪之一4 be willing to share things with her friends愿意和她的朋侪分享工具5 help me with my homework资助我做家庭作业6 give her seat on the bus to someone in need在公共汽车上把她的座位让给有需要的人7 grow up长大，发展8 make sb. look smart是某人看上去智慧9 have a good sense of humour有很强的诙谐感10 tell funny jokes讲有趣的笑话11 walk past our desks经由我们的课桌12 knock…onto…把……撞到……上13 say a bad word about sb.讲某人的坏话14 keep a secret守旧秘密15 travel around the world周游世界16 both my neighbour and my best friend17 feel bored or unhappy感应无聊或不快乐【重点句型】1 There’s nothing in the fridge.冰箱里没有工具2 He tells funny jokes and always makes me laugh.他讲滑稽的笑话而且总是使我大笑。3 When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.当他经由我们的课桌时，常把我们的书和钢笔撞到地上。

4 When something worries me, I can always go to her.当某事使我担忧时，我总是去找她。5 I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret.我能告诉她任何事情，意为她能守旧秘密。6 My book is moreinterestingthan his.我的书比他的有趣。7 I would like to be a social worker when I grow up.当我长大的时候，我想成为一名社会事情者。

8 She always has a smile on her face and looks happy.她脸上总是带有微笑而且看上午很兴奋。【重点语法】形容词比力级和最高级规则变化：①多数单音节形容词=词尾加er或estlongtallclean长的高的洁净的longertallercleaner较长的较高的较洁净的longesttallestcleanest最长的最高的最洁净的②以e末端的单音节形容词--------词尾加r或stlargelatenice大的晚的好的largerlaternicer较大的较晚的较好的largestlatestnicest最大的最晚的最好的③以重读闭音节末端，且末端只有一个辅音字母的形容词-------双写这个辅音字母，再加er或estbighotthin大的热的瘦的biggerhotterthinner较大的较热的较瘦的biggesthottestthinnest最大的最热的最瘦的④以“辅音字母+ y”末端的形容词----------变y为i，再加er或esteasybusyangry容易的忙碌的生气的easierbusierangrier较容易的较忙的较生气的easiestbusiestangriest最容易的最忙的最生气的⑤两个或两个以上音节的形容词-------- more/most +形容词原级beautifulimportant漂亮的重要的more beautifulmore important较美的较重要的most beautifulmost important最美的最重要的不规则变化：good/well---better---best, bad/badly---worse---worst,many/much---more---most, little---less---least,far---farther/further---farthest/futhest形容词原级，比力级和最高的用法：1当两者举行比力时，通常用形容词的比力级形式，其后用than引出比力的工具。

形容词比力级前常用much，a lot，even等修饰。‘比力级+and+比力级’表现‘越来越……’;‘the+比力级，the+比力级’表现‘越……，越……’。2当三者或三者以上的人或事物举行比力，表现‘最’的意思时，用形容词最高级形式，且最高级前面必须要有定冠词the，在使用形容词最高级时，后面通常接‘of.../in…’，表现比力的规模。

当比力的规模与主语是同一类人或物，或属于同一观点是，要用介词of引导的短语；当比力的规模与主语不是同一类人或物，强调在某一规模或场所内举行比力时，要用介词in引导的短语。第二单元：School life【重点短语】1 fewer advertisements广告少些2 a mixed school一所混淆学校3 a Reading Week一个念书周4 bring in books andmagazines带来书和杂志5 near the end of…在……快要竣事时6 offer me help给我提供资助7 read an article by a boy from the USA读了一个美国男孩的文章8 spend time on/doing sth.花时间做某事9 have fewer weeks off有更少星期的休假10 at most最多11 look through浏览，快速检察12 at first起初，首先13 keep (on) doing sth.继续，重复做某事14 have lots of time for after-schoolactivities有许多时间举行课外运动15 at lunchtime在午餐时间16 go on a school trip到场学校旅行【重点句型】1It’slike watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements.就像看电视一样，但有更少的广告。2 Learning foreign languages is fun.学习外语是有趣的。

3 Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class.在这一周快要竣事的时候，我们在课堂上与同班同学一起讨论这些书。4 Times seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books.当我们在读一些有趣的书的时候，时间似乎过的很快。5 He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help.他经常认真地听我的问题，并给我提供资助。

6 I read an article by a boy from the USA.我阅读了来自一位美国男孩的文章。7 Millie has the least juice.米莉的果汁最少。

8 I also keep writing in English about my daily life.关于我的日常生活，我也一直用英文书写。9 Millie has more tomatoes than Daniel.比起丹尼尔，米莉有更多的西红柿。【重点语法】1用形容词的比力级计算两件事物的数量：More…than可修饰可数名词复数形式，也可修饰不行数名词；Fewer…than修饰可数名词复数形式；Less…than修饰不行数名词2用形容词的最高级比力三件或三件以上的事物的数量The most可修饰可数名词复数形式，也可修饰不行数名词The fewest修饰可数名词复数形式The least修饰不行数名词3副词的比力级和最高级不规则变化：well---better---best； badly---worse---worst;far---farther/further---ferthest/furthest第三单元：A day out【重点短语】1 need to exercise需要磨炼2 keep fit保持康健3 come on来吧，赶忙4 enjoy oneself玩的愉快5 take a boat trip坐船旅行6 have a great time玩得愉快7 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事8 a lot of traffic交通忙碌9 arrive in/at到达10 get off下车11 in front of sb在某人前面.12 all over the world全球13 be made of…由……制成14 not believe one’s eyes不相信某人自己的眼睛15 home page主页16 keep sth. to oneself守旧……17 take place发生18 take the underground乘地铁【重点句型】1 Soon the whole world was there in front of us!不久整个世界泛起在我的眼前！2 There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all over the world.来自世界各地的100多个胜景奇迹的模型。3 Mr. Wu is as happy as the two girls.吴先生与两个女孩一样兴奋。

4 Simon is trying to pull himself up the rocks.西蒙正努力往岩石上爬。5 Don’t forget to bring your friends!不要忘记带你（们）的朋侪！6 With your support, we will win!拥有你们的支持，我们会赢！7 My ticket is useless now, but I’ll keep it!我的票现在没用了，但我会保留着它！8 We are planning a day out on Saturday, 16 October.我们计划在十月十六日，星期六外出一天。9 We hope you can join us.我们希望你们能加入我们。

【重点语法】1表现两者在某一方面相同时用‘as+形容词原级+as’的句型。表现一方在某一方面不及另一方时用‘not as/so +形容词原级+as’的句型。2当宾语和主语指向同一人或同一些人时运用反身代词反身代词的基本形式：人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself, herself, itselfthemselves第四单元：Do it yourself【重点短语】1 had better最好2 stand for代表；象征3 instead of而不是，取代4 make some paper roses制作纸玫瑰5 a pair of scissors一把铰剪6 be crazy about对……着迷7 put in安装8 make a mistake犯错误9 fill…with…用……填装10 paint it blue把它涂成蓝色11 not only…but (also)不仅……而且……12 cut…into把……切成13 for example例如14 next door在隔邻15 tidy up整理好16 keep it secret保密17 keep doing sth.重复做某事18 in the end最后【重点句型】1 Here are clear instruction.这儿有清楚的指示、2 You’d better get some tools.你最好拿一些工具3 When you do DIY, you make, repair of decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it.当你‘自己动手做’的时候，你自己做，修理或装饰工具，而不是付钱给别人做。

4 Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.现在起居室不仅是蓝色，连天花板和地板也是蓝色。5 They couldn’t stay therebecauseone end of the shelf was much higher than the other!它们不能呆在那儿，因为架子的一端比另一端高！6 Don’t paint the cat.不要给猫涂色7 Cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.把一些较大的水果切成小块状。

8 Let’s make some sandwiches.让我们制作一些三明治9 I’m certain that I can fix it myself.我相信我自己能修理。10 We had fun working together.我们在一起事情很愉快。【重点语法】1祈使句祈使句省略主语you，句首的动词用动词原型。

否认祈使句在句首加don’t。2 should和had better①should表现‘应当，应该’后接动词原形②had better意为‘最好，应该’后接动词原型，否认形式：had better not do sth.第五单元：Wild animals【重点短语】1 in the wild在野外2 have/take pity on同情，恻隐3 in fact事实上4 look so cute看起来如此可爱5 be born出生，出世6 look like看起来像7 at four months old在4个月的时候8 not…any more不再……9 in the beginning一开始10 look after照顾照看11 as a result因此12 in danger处于危险中13 take action接纳行动14 right away马上，连忙15 build more panda reserves建设更多的熊猫掩护区16 make laws to protect pandas颁布执法掩护熊猫17 at birth出生时 降生时【重点句型】1 I may die without them.没有它们我会死的。2 They’re the kings of the animal world.它们是动物世界之王。

3 When Xi Wang was born, she weighed just 100 grams.当希望出生的时候，它只有100克重。4 When she was six months old, she began to eat bamboo.当她六个月的时候，她开始吃竹子。5 When she was 20 months old, she learnt to look after herself.当她20个月的时候，她学会自己照顾自己。

6 Sadly, giant pandas face serious problems in the wild.可悲的是，大熊猫在野外面临严峻的问题。7 As a result, pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat.效果，熊猫可能没有地方居住或没有吃的事物。8 We should take action right away.我们应当立刻接纳行动。

【重点语法】1情态动词mayMay表现可能性，意为‘也许，可能’常用作肯定句中。2动词不定式做宾语当句中已经有谓语动词，而我们又要表达不止一个行动观点时，其余的动词可以使用非谓语形式来表达。动词不定式就是动词的一种非谓语形式，其基本形式是‘to+动词原形’。

动词不定式在句中常作谓语动词的宾语，这一类的谓语动词常见的有：agree, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, like, plan, refuse, remember, seem, want, wish, would like第六单元：Birdwatching【重点短语】1 at the market在市场上2 provide sth. (for sb.)（为某人）提供某物3 all year round一年到头4 in order to以便，为的是5 lead to导致6 less and less越来越少7 keep finishing一直钓鱼8 as a result效果9 the members of………的成员10 changes in their numbers数目方面的变化11 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事12 understand the importance of the wetlands明白湿地的重要性13 take sth. with sb.某人随身携带某物14 make sb. do.Sth.迫使某人做某事15 a pair of binoculars一副望远镜16 what else另有什么17 write down写下，记下18 call sb. on…根据……给某人大电话【重点句型】1 It is one of the world’s most important wetlands.它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。2 The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife.这个地域为许多野生动物提供了实物和呵护所。3 Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings.一些人想使湿地变得更小的目的是为农场和修建物留出更多的空间。

4 Ever year, a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds.每年，许多游客来扎龙观鸟。5 We need more people to count anddescribethe birds.我们需要更多的人来盘算鸟和形貌鸟类。

6 We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands.我们希望这能资助人们明白湿地的重要性。7 Usually it takes hours to watch the birds. You may get thirsty.通常，观鸟要花费数小时。

你可能会渴的。8 I am very interested in learningaboutdifferent kinds of plants, birds and animals.我对研究差别种类的植物，鸟类和动物是很是感兴趣的。【重点语法】1动词不定式表现目的不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表现某一行动或状态的目的。为了使目的意义越发清楚或表现强调意义时，还可以在前面加in order2动词+宾语+动词不定式许多动词后可跟一个宾语+ to do sth，但有些动词（感官动词和使役动词）后可跟不带to的不定式组成句子，动词help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to第七单元：Seasons【重点短语】1 look cool看起来很酷2 the rest time to do sth.做某事的最好时间3 in summer在夏天4 go swimming去游泳5 be full of充满……6 forget to grow忘记了生长7 fly far away飞往远方8 play among flowers在花丛中玩9 turn brown变黄10 rhyme with与……押韵11 on a hot summer afternoon在一个炎热的夏天下午12 drop below…下降到……以下13 the lowest temperature最低温度14 stay above zero在零度以上15 a bit有一点【重点句型】1 I bet you’ll look cool and feel cool with nothing on!我赌你什么都不穿看起来会很酷并感受很凉爽。

2 It’s the best time to play footfall outside.它是户外踢足球的最佳时机。3 The days of spring are windy and bright.春天是风和日丽的时节。

4 What a perfect time to fly a kite!是放鹞子的绝佳时机！5 How do people feel on a hot summer afternoon?在炎热的夏天下午，人们感受如何呢？6 This is Aunt Jane speaking.我是简阿姨。7 The temperature is usually below zero and it is often snowy.这里的气温通常在零度以下，而且经常有大雪。8 It is exciting to have big snowball fights.打一场雪仗是很令人兴奋的。【重点语法】动词及五种基本句型句子的基本组成部门为：主语（S），动词（V）和宾语（O）。

动词可分为行为动词（也称实义动词）和系动词，在句中可用作谓语。凭据这两类动词用作谓语时的差别特点，可以将英语句子归纳综合为五种基本句型。连系动词：主要是指be动词，感官动词（look，sound，feel，smell，taste）和表现‘变，酿成’的动词（become，get，grow，turn）行为动词：有实在的意义，可在句中独立作谓语，表现行动或状态。

行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。五种基本句型：1主语+谓语（S+V）2主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）3主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）5主语+及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+DO+OC）第八单元：Natural disasters【重点短语】1 wake up醒来2 crash into撞上……3 fall from从……上跌落下来4 mop up把……拖洁净5 wash away冲走6 catch fire着火7 feel a slight shake感应轻微震动8 run out of从……中跑出9 in all directions四面八方10 come down坍塌11 not…at all一点也不12 a moment of fear片刻的恐惧13 calm down岑寂下来14 shout for help呼救15 move away移开16 find one’s way out找到出路17 at last最后，终于18 break down出故障，坏掉19 because of因为，由于20 as…as possible尽可能【重点句型】1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?如果你不跟我回家，谁将拖干水呢？2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting.有一场狂风雨，电闪雷鸣。3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire.闪电击中了一栋教学楼，并引发了火灾。

4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started.地震发生时我正在睡觉。5 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down.外面，人们四处奔跑，成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。6 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.我的脑海里闪过片刻的恐惧，但我告诉自己要岑寂，因为自己还在世。

7 Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move.幸运的是，有足够的空间来容我移动。8…I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.当我正在努力寻找出路时，我突然听到楼上有嘈杂声。【重点语法】1已往举行时的结构及用法已往举行时态表现已往某一时间正在举行的行动行为。已往举行时与一般已往时一样，也常和表现已往的时间状语连用。

肯定结构：主语+was/were + doing+其他否认结构：主语+was/were + not + doing+其他一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？答语：Yes，主语+was/were,/ No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语+ doing+其他？2已往举行时中when，while和as的用法当两个比力长的行动发生时，我们可以在两个从句中用已往举行时，以‘while’毗连。当一个比力长的行动正在举行时，有其他行动同事发生，我们可用‘when’，‘while’或‘as’将两个行动毗连起来。

When可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而while只能和延续性动词连用。When从句的行动可以在主句行动之前，之后和同时发生While从句的行动必须是和主句同时发生，此时也可用when/as。当两个延续性动词同事发生时，两个句子都使用已往举行时，并用while毗连。声明：泉源于网络如有侵权请实时联系删除！。

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